HIV-2 is a less common type of human immunodeficiency virus. Like HIV-1, it targets immune cells and can cause immune system suppression over time, but it is generally linked to slower disease progression. HIV-2 remains clinically significant and requires accurate diagnostic confirmation and ongoing medical follow-up.

HIV-2 is a type of HIV that attacks the immune system in a way similar to HIV-1. In many people, HIV-2 progresses more slowly, and viral levels in the blood may be lower compared to HIV-1, especially in the early stages of infection. However, HIV-2 can still cause serious immune deficiency if not treated.
HIV-2 is transmitted through the same types of body fluids and exposure routes as HIV-1 (including sexual contact, blood exposure, and mother-to-child transmission). Overall, HIV-2 is generally considered less easily transmitted than HIV-1, but transmission can still occur.
As with HIV-1, antibodies to HIV-2 may not be detectable immediately after exposure. Testing too early can result in a negative outcome during the window period. If there is ongoing concern, follow-up testing at the appropriate time is recommended.
HIV-1 and HIV-2 differ biologically, and clinical management may also vary. That’s why confirmatory laboratory testing is important after any positive screening result.
