Cobalt is a trace mineral that plays an essential role in the body as part of vitamin B12. It is critical for nerve function, red blood cell production, and DNA synthesis. Although cobalt itself is not consumed directly, its presence in vitamin B12 is vital for maintaining overall health. Deficiency, while uncommon, can cause symptoms similar to those of vitamin B12 deficiency, impacting energy levels and cognitive function. In small amounts, cobalt is necessary, but excessive exposure can lead to serious health issues, including respiratory problems, heart complications, and thyroid dysfunction.
Occupational exposure is a significant source, especially in cobalt production, mining, and metal processing industries. Environmental exposure can occur near industrial sites. People with metal-on-metal hip replacements are at risk of exposure due to wear of the implant. Dietary sources are generally low but can include foods like leafy vegetables, fish, nuts, and cereals.
Reducing exposure is the primary method for detoxing from cobalt. This includes using appropriate protective gear in industrial settings and ensuring proper implant selection and monitoring for those with metal-on-metal hip replacements. In severe cases, treatment may be required. Supporting overall health with a balanced diet and maintaining good kidney function can aid in the natural elimination of cobalt from the body. In cases of extreme overexposure, chelation therapy might be considered under supervision.